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jewish press
My Machberes - The kashrus of chickens
By:
Wednesday, September 13, 2006
http://www.jewishpress.com/page.do/19411/My_Machberes.html
Cracow, Poland, Early 1600’s
Two orphans, both nephews and
apprentices of a Cracow kosher butcher, left their
oppressive apprenticeships and began their own
kosher meat enterprise. Both unlearned, they had
developed a secret scheme, wherein they successfully
substituted non-kosher meat for kosher meats. Their
prices were lower than the other Cracow kosher
butchers, who were ultimately driven out of
business. The years passed, and the two prospered.
They became respected members of the community. They
were charitable, admired and esteemed by the whole
community. Devout homes felt privileged to patronize
the partners. Their meats were considered kosher
beyond question.
Their children entered into
marriages with leading families. Their sons-in-laws
were Torah scholars. One day one of the two butchers
heard his son-in-law discussing the harsh
retribution that Heaven inflicts, in the
World-to-Come, upon those who cause another Jew to
eat non-kosher foods. Shocked by the severity of the
punishments, he reflected upon what he had done. He
shared his fears and trepidation with his partner,
who also was overtaken by panic.
The two confessed their
iniquity and sought the counsel of Rabbi Noson Nota
Shapiro (1585-1633), Rav of Cracow and revered
author of Megaleh
Amukos. Their sin of kosher food fraud shook
the Cracow Jewish community, as well as all Jews
everywhere. Jewish history records few such
measurable deceptions in kosher foods. What happened
in Cracow stands out.
New York City, 1880’s
The arrival of Torah giant
Rabbi Jacob Joseph,
zt”l (1840‑1902), in 1888 to serve as chief
rabbi of New York, resulted in an open war against
those who sold meat whose kashruth was questionable.
The battles were fierce, and the chief rabbi
sacrificed his health in the struggle. Prior to his
arrival, meat sold as kosher had questionable
certifications. Personally knowing theshochet
(ritual slaughterer) or the vendor as being a truly
pious person was considered the best and only
guarantee of the meat’s kashruth. The chief rabbi
saw beyond facades and sought to bring order to the
kosher meat market. Ultimately, his strenuous
efforts succeeded to a great degree.
Rabbi Joseph had ordered a
shochet
removed from Hi-Grade Kosher Meats, but that
particular business establishment refused. The
ensuing battle resulted in New York City codifying
laws to safeguard kosher clientele, that became
state law shortly thereafter. New York State’s
kosher laws, enacted more than 100 years ago,
greatly served to protect kosher consumers until the
law was recently (2004) found unconstitutional and
was rewritten. The present Kosher Law Enforcement
agency, a division of New York State’s Department of
Agriculture and Markets, is headed by Rabbi Luzer
Weiss.
Monsey, 2006
Late Wednesday evening, August
30, the locked freezer of Shevach Quality Meats at
126 Maple Avenue, Monsey, NY, a tenant of Hatzlacha
Groceries, was broken into by the proprietors to
determine whether the meats being sold by Shevach
were kosher. Shevach had been renting retail space
within Hatzlacha, a popular Monsey supermarket. What
the proprietors of the supermarket found and saw
made their blood turn cold.
Shevach Quality Meats had begun
operating at Hatzlacha more than 10 years ago and
offered meats from many of the devoutly-observant
slaughterhouses, including Belz, Empire, Kiryas Yoel,
Meal Mart (Nirbatur), Satmar Meats (Meal Mart), and
Vineland, all of which are unquestionably glatt
kosher.
Shevach’s proprietor was held
in high regard within the close-knit Monsey
observant community. He served as
baal koreh
(Torah reader) at a prominent congregation.
Shevach’s owner gave the daily
Daf Yomi
Talmud shiur
(lectures) there every morning. In addition, he also
served the shul as a
shaliach tzibbur
(prayer leader) during the
Yomim Noraim
(High Holy days). He is on the board of a prominent
Monsey yeshiva and chaired the annual fund-raising
event of another Monsey yeshiva.
He married into a
highly-regarded family and has eight children. He
married off five of the eight children to members of
distinguished families. All are without blemish. The
hechsher,
kosher certification, of Shevach’s establishment was
provided by a greatly respected senior rav.
In the past, questions had
arisen regarding meat without kosher certification
seals delivered by Shevach to caterers and
commercial establishments. When the
mashgichim
(kosher supervisors) complained, they were advised
by the certifying rabbi and other rabbis that
Shevach must be given the benefit of the doubt
because of his good reputation and that the
deliveries should be accepted. Nevertheless, there
were instances, though very few in number, where
mashgichim
either resigned or declined to accept the meat
deliveries.
One of the owners of Hatzlacha
is a brother-in-law of a key officer of Kiryas Yoel
Meats, which is the sales arm of the Kiryas Yoel
Beis Hashechita (slaughterhouse). Hatzlacha was
unofficially advised that Kiryas Yoel Meats had
stopped selling chickens to Shevach several weeks
earlier due to late and non payments. Nevertheless,
Kiryas Yoel chickens, clearly labeled, continued to
be plentiful on Shevach’s refrigerated display
shelves.
In recent months, the number of
inquiries on the part of Shevach’s customers
increased as to why his meats were not as salty as
before. In particular, chicken soups cooked with
chickens purchased at Shevach’s were found to lack
the traditional salty taste of kosher. In response,
Shevach’s owner claimed that Kiryas Yoel Meats were
using a new low sodium salt in order to provide
healthier chickens. Sometimes the response would be
that Kiryas Yoel Meats was cutting back on the
amount of salt used to the absolute minimum required
by kosher law because of costs, or that inferior
salt was being used by Kiryas Yoel.
The inquiries and complaints
recently mushroomed into a cloud of question marks.
In particular, an unnamed woman, a recent
ba’alas teshuva,
remarked that the chickens from Shevach suspiciously
reminded her of the non-kosher chickens she had
consumed in the past. Nevertheless, Shevach
continued to be reckoned as a reliable source of
kosher meats. Others complained of sometimes finding
some of the chicken’s innards still fully attached,
whereas the innards must be completely removed in
order to properly salt the chickens in accordance
with kosher law.
Mordechai Greenzweig, one of
the owners of Hatzlacha, having heard the many
grumbles, and now knowing that Kiryas Yoel had
stopped shipping to Shevach, was stunned on that
Wednesday to see an ample supply of Kiryas Yoel
chickens, clearly labeled as such, on Shevach’s
refrigerated display shelves. Discussing the matter
with his concerned partners, the decision to act was
made. Late that night Hatzlacha’s owners broke into
the locked freezers used by Shevach.
They found boxes and boxes of
raw chickens without any indication that the
contents were kosher. Unlike kosher chickens, the
unmarked chickens were completely free of feathers
and stubble. Since kosher chickens are not rinsed in
hot water nor treated with chemicals prior to
salting, feather removal is never complete.
Non-kosher chickens are almost totally free of
feather stubs and have a markedly different color.
The chickens in Shevach’s boxes also still had their
innards intact.
Shevach’s certifying rabbi was
immediately called, as were two independent expert
butchers. The butchers examined the chickens, and
for an absolute determination, tasted the outer
skins for any residue of salt. The certifying rabbi
summoned Shevach’s owner who arrived shortly
thereafter seemingly unconcerned. When confronted
with the non-kosher chickens, he claimed that they
were old stock he purchased from Kiryas Yoel a while
back. When the dates on the boxes showed the
purchase was recent, long after Kiryas Yoel ceased
shipping to him, he unconvincingly claimed they were
off-the-books from Kiryas Yoel – a pure fiction. He
then claimed that the chickens were kosher but
without labels because he purchased them on the
black or off markets, neither of which exists.
Failing to come up with any
reasonable explanation, he admitted that the
chickens came from a non-kosher source but that was
because the kosher meat producers refused to send
him merchandise. He claimed that he had falsified
kosher offerings only for the past few days.
Everyone present sadly realized that a scandal of
major proportions was unfolding in front of them.
Initially, the certifying rabbi accepted that the
non-kosher substitutions had taken place only for a
few days. However, he later agreed with the general
assumption that the deceptions had been ongoing for
years.
Thursday morning, Hatzlacha
Supermarket opened and its owners were shocked to
see that Shevach Meats was open for business, with
merchandise on its racks, as though the previous
night’s unmasking never happened. Hatzlacha quickly
programmed their computers to refuse for sale any
product from Shevach. The certifying rabbi posted a
sign acknowledging that meats purchased in the
previous two days must be considered non-kosher.
Because of the ensuing turmoil, Shevach closed his
facilities and left.
That Thursday evening, shocked
rabbis of Monsey gathered to discuss the matter. The
certifying rabbi and the synagogue rabbi knowing
Shevach’s owner on a personal level, still felt that
the kosher deceptions had to be very limited. Other
rabbis screamed that if Shevach’s presumption of
trust was compromised, then that compromise was
retroactive to the very first day he began doing
business almost 11 years ago. In particular, Rabbi
Menachem Meir Weissmandl, Monsey Nitra Rav,
maintained that everyone who had purchased or used
meats from Shevach must now
kasher
(kosher through proper methods) their pots, pans,
tableware, and flatware. Rabbi Weissmandl issued a
public letter to that effect on Friday morning.
The consternation amongst
Monsey residents was overwhelming. Feelings of shock
and outrage enveloped the community. The thousands
and thousands of Jews of Monsey and environs were
thrown into an uproar. Monroe residents quickly
realized that the Kiryas Yoel meats that they were
purchasing from Shevach at reduced prices were
treif
(non-kosher). Large families that thought they were
saving money now had to contemplate what had to be
kashered and
how. Shuls in Monsey quickly set up facilities for
kashering
pots, pans, and flatware. All rabbis in Monsey were
consulted by their individual congregants and each
particular item’s usage had to be reviewed in
deciding if and how the item could be
kashered.
On Tuesday evening, September
5, a proclamation was issued. Twenty-eight rabbis
were its signatories. They were (in Hebrew
alphabetical order): Rabbi Mordechai Chaim Auerbach,
Beis Midrash Shaarei Tefilah; Rabbi Yosef Yisroel
Eizenberger, Skverer Dayan; Rabbi Eliezer Chaim
Blum, Kasho Rebbe; Rabbi Don Blumberg, Beis Midrash
Ohel Yaakov; Rabbi Shlomo Mordechai Breslauer, Khal
Beis Tefilah; Rabbi Moshe Green, Yeshiva of Monsey;
Rabbi Moshe Diamond, Khal Zichron Be’er; Rabbi
Avrohom Yaakov Horowitz, Khal Dzikov Meletz; Rabbi
Chaim Yehoshua Halberstam, Monsey Satmar Rav; Rabbi
Yisroel Hager, Monsey Vishnitzer Rav; Rabbi Ben Zion
Wosner, Beth Din Shevet Levi; Rabbi Menachem Meir
Weissmandl, Monsey Nitra Rav; Rabbi Betzalel Tovia
Wattenstein, Belzer Dayan; Rabbi Shraga Feivel
Zimmerman, Khal Bnei Ashkenaz; Rabbi Yisroel Meir
Teitelbaum, Khal Ateres Rosh; Rabbi Yosef Templer,
Khal Derech Emes; Rabbi Avrohom Chaim Feifer,
Kehilas Beis Avrohom; Rabbi Menachem Fisher, Vienner
Dayan; Rabbi Shlomo Ben Zion Kokus, Khal Zichron
Mordechai; Rabbi Zvi Hersh Rabinowitz, Monsey
Bobover Rav; Rabbi Moshe Rosner, Monsey Pupa Rav;
Rabbi Chaim Yehuda Leibish Rottenberg, Khal Netzach
Yisroel Foreshay; Rabbi Dovid Shmuel Riviat, Beis
Midrash South Monsey; Rabbi Chaim Shabbos, Khal
Knesset Yisroel; Rabbi Yechiel Steinmetz, Monsey Rav;
Rabbi Chaim Shraga Feivel Shneibalg, Khal Avreichim;
amd Rabbi Meshulem Noson Spiegal, Khal Tefilah
LeMoshe.
The proclamation had since
received additional signatures. In addition, the
certifying rabbi has retracted his first letter,
expanding the time of purchase of meat to be
considered as non-kosher to “years.” The synagogue
rabbi, finding no remorse on part of Shevach’s
owner, banished him from his shul. All Shevach’s
facilities at Hatzlacha have since been dissembled.
Hatzlacha has recalled all Shevach’s meats sold
there and are giving, at their own expense, a full
refund. No meat sales will be made at Hatzlacha for
the immediate future.
Many
kashering
stations have been set up at shuls in Monsey. The
largest kashering
operation is at Hatzlacha. Rabbi Eliezer Yichezkel
Landau of Beis Midrash Edeleny and Rabbi Yosef Ber
Einhorn of the Vishnitzer Beis Midrash are
overseeing public
kashering at Hatzlacha. The Kiryas Yoel
community has delegated several of its rabbis and
kollel
members to be at Monsey’s
kashering
stations to answer any questions and to assist in
the sometimes complicated procedures. Monsey’s
volunteer Chaverim organization is controlling
traffic and parking at the stations.
The Skverer community is
providing all
kashering stations with fire resistant gloves
as well as fire resistant boots. The Glauber
brothers, at Glauber’s Bakeries, are providing light
refreshments. Glauber’s is also providing facilities
for those needing to “burn” pots and pans. The many
kashering
stations have posted signs of their hours of
operation. However, almost every
kashering
station is crowded, running late, and extending into
late nights.
As we go to press, the OU and
the Hisachdus Horabbonim, both of which had no part
in the Shevach affair, are individually calling
emergency meetings to revise procedures so that such
a recurrence should never happen again. Rumors
abound as to civil law suits as well as civil and
criminal investigations, some that may overlap into
other areas of the kosher food industry. Regardless,
all rumors, insinuations, etc., must be discounted,
and ignored, in anticipation of official findings.
Questionable Find
On Monday morning, September
11, an abandoned suitcase was found outside
Hatzlacha. The Rockland County bomb squad is
treating the suitcase with the utmost suspicion.
“They X-rayed the suitcase and determined it was not
a danger,” Spring Valley police Sgt. Thomas Martin
said. “It was some socks and a metal pill box.” It
was unclear how much further detectives might
investigate the case.
The scare started when an owner
of the Hatzlacha Grocery on Maple Avenue noticed the
abandoned suitcase on the sidewalk and called
police. With that kosher-meat scandal in the air,
the owner did the right thing by calling police,
Sgt. Martin said. “I know that people are upset
about the non-kosher meats, but what connection
there is to that, I don’t know,” he said. “We have
it here,” Martin said of the suitcase. “If no one
shows up for it, we will probably throw it away.”
Fasting
On a related note, Hatzolah issued
a statement regarding those who expressed a desire to
fast for their unknowingly having consumed
treifos that
they consult with their
rav. |